Control system for transmissions



Fb. 1, 1.938. P. R. WHEELER 2,105,362

CONTROL SYSTEM FOR TRANSMISSIONS Filed July 22', 1952 6 zshee's-she=tl 1 "El g ,It

WHW

Feb. l, 1938. p R WHEELER 2,106,862

CONTROL SYSTEM FOR TRANSMISSIONS Filed July 22, 1932 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 87 a4 ss`- wu n 7M Feb. 1, 1938. R- WHEELER 2,106,862

CONTROL SYSTEM FOR TRANSMISSIONS Filed July 22, 1932 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 163 l les ms. @LM-74 Feb. l, 1938. p R` WHEELER 2,106,862

AGONTROI.: SYSTEM FOR TRANSMISSIONS Filed July 22, 1932 e vsheets-sheet 4 Feb. 14, 1938. E E, WHEELER 2,106,862

CONTROL SYSTEM FOR TRANSMISSIONS Filed July 22, 1932 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 NF m @Non w Feb.- l., 1938. P R WHEELER 2,106,862

CONTROL SYSTEM FOR TRANSMISSIONS Filed July 22, 1932 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 Patented Feb. l, 1938 UITED STATESv PATENT ori-Ica 22 Claims.

The object of this invention is to provide noback mechanisms and controls for them, which are readily adaptable to present transmissions and free-wheeling units.

A further object oi this invention is to provide combination free-wheeling and no-back units.

A further object of this invention is to provide a combination of elements. including a no-back and a flexibly mounted engine, the flexible mounting of the engine serving as a shock absorber for the no-back in absorbing the shock due to the play or lost motion inthe 'ring and pinion gears, the difi'erentiaLand the universal joints.

A vfurther object of this invention is to provide a simple free-wheeling unit.

Figure I is a side sectional view of a unit havi arrows showing the manner in which the Ireewheeling lock-out operates.

Figure III is an end view of a no-back unit having control means for making the unit effective when shifting from neutral to low gear, after having been in reverse gear. The clamp-ring construction is the same as that shown in Figure I. i.

Figure IV is a side view of Figure III.

Figure V is an end view of a. clamp ring as used in the no-back unit.

Figure VI is a sectional end view of Figure V, showing one form of grooving to relieve the o`i1 lm.

Figure VII is an end view of a .no-back having a modied form of the control shown in Figures III and IV.

Figure VIII is a side view of Figure VII, show-l ing the relation of -the unit to a transmission.

Figure IX is a partially sectioned side view vshowing a. ltransmission combined with spring type of free-wheeling and clamp ringtype of' The clamp-ring is more fully illustrated for the release.

(Cl. 19H) ofthe free-wheeling unit of Figure XI mounted `at the rear of a transmission.

Figure XIII shows an end view of a modied form of free-wheeling unit.

Figure XIV shows an external view of the freewheeling unit of either Figures XI or XIII combined with a clamp ring no-nacklY Figure XV shows diagrammatlcally a side view of an engine, clutch, transmission, and no-back unit. or no-back and free-wheeling unit, the l0y whole assembly being solidly secured together and iiexibly mounted on the frame, the iiexible mounting serving as a shock -absorber for the rio-back.

Figure XVI is an end view of a modiiied form 1,5 of clamp ring used as a no-back.

Figure XVII is a side view of Figure XVI.

Figure XVIII is an end view of still another modification of a clamp ring used as a no-back Figure XIX is a partial side view of Figure 20 Figure XX is an end view of an internal type of clamp or clutch, for use as e. noback.

Figures m and m show a side and end view, respectively, of oil grooves to be used on the inner member of the clamp ring clutch.

Figures XXIII and XXIV show a side and end view, respectively, of another type of oil grooves for use with a clamp ring.

Figures XXV and XXVI show two views of still another form of oil grooves for use with a clamp ring.

Figures XXVII and XXVIII show two views of still another form of oil grooves i'or use with a clamp ring.

Figure XXIX is an end view of' a collar and clamp ring. l

Figure XXX is a sectional view of Figure Figure m is an end view of a clamp ring. 40

Figure XXXII is a sectional view of Figure m.

Figure XXXlII shows two views of another method of constructing a clamp ring.

- Figure mV is an end view of a clamp ring rio-back having a modified form of holding means Figure EEXV is a side view of Figure mv. Figure XXXVI is an end view of a. clamp ring no-back having a modified stop means for the lever end.

Figure XXXVH is-a side View oi Figure Figure mm is a sectional view showing lthe inside or a' clamp ring having one form'oi oil grooves.

Figure shows another form of oil grooves. y

Referring to Figures I and II, a transmission housing is shown at l, the counter-shaft gears at 2 and the transmission main shaft at 3. The low and reverse gear is shown at 4, this being controlled with a fork 5, which is secured to a shifter rod 51. The shifter rod is controlled in the usual manner, that is, by a shifting lever. The transmission may be of any conventional type.

The main shaft 3 is supported by the ball bearing 1, the bearing in turn being supported in the housing il. Mounted on the end of the main shaft 3 is a cam il which is the inner member of a free-wheeling unit. The cam is heid in place by a lock ring il). Mounted on the cam are the rollers ii, and these are surrounded by the outer membergof the free-wheeling unit i2. Between the two members of the reewheeling unit is the alignment bearing. I3. The front face of the outer member has teeth I4 which are engaged by the lock-out member I5, whenever `a. shift is made to reverse or whenever it is desired to lock out the free-wheeling unit with the manual ccntrol. I

Mounted on an extension at the rear of the outer member is a clamp ring 42, having the lever arms 43 and the two pin connections 44 and 45. Th'ese parts are the same as those indicated by the same reference numerals in Figures III and IV. A portion of a universal housing is seen.

at `I9 and the end of the outer free-wheeling member at 20, this being splined to receive one of the universal parts. The rear end of the shaft is supported by the ball bearing 2|.

'Ihe control of the rio-back is similar to that shown in Figures III and IV and will be de- -scribed and explained in detail inconnection with those figures. The controly of the freewheeling can be understood by referring to Figure II in connection with Figure I. 'Ihe 'support 22 holds the rod 23 on which is mounted a fork 24 for moving the free-wheeling lock-out.

`. pressed plunger 29. A manual lock-out for the free-wheeling has a shaft 3|! carryingA the fork 3I`, which engages the fork 24 when moved bythe manual connection 32.

'I'he free-wheelingand no-baok housing I is secured to the transmission housing I by means of c'ap screws 33. The bottom of the housing 8 has a flexible support in which rubber 34 is 1nserted between the cross support member 35 and -the housing. 'Ihis flexible support may be of any desired type.

Referring to Figures III and IV, a no-back similar to the one used in Figure I is shown. The transmission main shaft-40 has mounted on it a collar 4I. Mounted on the collar is a clamp ring 42 having lever arms 43 connected to it by means of the pins 44 and 45. Secured to the pin 44 is a U-shaped member 45 which rests in the recess of the housing formed by the projections 41. A piece of leather or other shock absorbing material is secured to the end of the U, as at 43. The housing 43 has a cover 53. 'Ihis cover has a lug 5i to engage the outside of the housing 48.

Two ears 52 extend down from the top of the cover. Mounted tc the ears by means of a pin 53 is a stop arm 54. The end of the stop arm has a surface 55 cut as a circle arc about the pin 53. The stop arm is `shown in the released position but normally engages the roller 55 secured to the end of the lever arm.

The end of a transmission shifter rod 51 has mounted on it a member 58 which rests in the forked end of the bell crank 59, which is supported by the pin 5B. The hook 5i engages the bell'crank and passes through a hole in it and also through a hole in the stop arm 54 and is adapted to lift the stop arm oli from the roller 55 when a shift is made to reverse. The knife edge 62 on the end of the hook engages the stop arm. A member 63 is pivotally supported by the pin 66. This has a cam 65. which is adapted to engage'the end 65 of the bell crank 59. The endl of the member 63.engages the spring 61 which in turn engages the end 68 of a connection 69, which is secured to the end of the clamp ring `mains released. The no-back remains released on going frorn'reverse to neutral because the bell crank arm' 65 merely goes from the upward position shown in Fig. IV to a horizontal position. This just brings it'into contact with the cam 55 but does not move the cam and the lever 53 to the left, as viewed in Fig. III, and so reset the clamp-ring. However, when shifting from neutral to low, itagain becomes effective.

Referring to Figs. III and IV the operation is as follows: Normally the shaft 40 vand collar 4i turn counterclockwise, thisbeing forward inotion. The lshear of the oil film between the clamp ring 42 and collar 4| causes a tendency `for the clamp ring to rotate with the collar.

This motion or tendency to motion is transmitted by the lever arm' 43 to the roller 55 which hits against the side to the left ofl the surface 55 of the stop arm 54. v from turning. Whatever force is exerted here also acts on the pins 44 and 45, this force tending to open the ring. Y

When the shaft stops and tends to turn in the reverse direction, the roller 55 hits against the surface 55 and the force now reacts on the pins 44 and 45 in the opposite direction, tending to tighten the ring on the collar 4i. The ring 42 is similar to one turn of a. coil clutch, that is, it has a cumulative wrapping action. This action is multiplied by the lever arm 43 so that the clamp ring is self locking, no backward motion of the collar or shaftbeing possible under normal operationi When it is desired to back up or reverse the shaft, this may be done by shifting into`reverse in the usual manner. "This 'causes the rod 51 to move to the left, rotating the bell crank 53 about its pin 50 and lifting the hook 8| which has an end 62 engaging the stop arm 54. This causes the surface 55, which is a circle arc about the pin 53 which holds the stop arm, to be lifted or rotated off from the roller 55. Inasmuch as the stop arm 54 turns on the pin 53 and the surface 551s a circle arc about the pin 5l, the stop arm may be easily lifted even though the roller 53 is exerting a large force against the surface 55. 'Ihis makes for easy release under all conditions.

As soon as the roller is released, the clamp ring 'I'his holds the clamp ring release the ring, being attached to the same end 2,1oo,sca

ciently to bring the roller '58 back under the stop arm at 55S If a shift is made to low gear, the rod 51 is moved to the right pulling down 'the end 66 of the bell crank 58. As the end 88 goes down it hits against the cam face 88 and rotates the member 83 to the left about the pin 84. This causes a pull on the end 88 of the wireor strap 69, this in turn pulling on the inner end of the clamp ring at 18. As this also tends to open and as the member 48, the pull on 89 turns the clamp .ring and lever arm so that the roller 86 falls back under the stop arm end at 58. The spring el permits the bell crank 68 to ride over the cam |55 so that the clamp ring roller 88 can drop back against 55. 'I'hus after having en in reverse a shift into low makes the no-back again effective without there necessarily being forward motion of the shaft and collar. If this feature is not desired the connection 88 and cam 68 may be omitted from the assembly.

A manual lock-out for the no-back is shown at 1| in Figure III, or at 12 in Figure I. This may be a wire or other connection running to the dash, or other convenient location.

The release of the clamp ring no-back is sim--A ilar to that in my co-pending application flied March i7, 1932, Serial No. 599,515. The release is accomplished as above explained by letting go of the roller 56, permitting a backward movement so that the U member 46 hits against the housing at 48, thus holding the pin 44 and causing the clamp ringv to open sufficiently to permit backward movement of the shaft.

In Figures `V and VI, is shown one method of grooving the clamp ring to permit better circulation of oil, and to relieve the oil lm when the shaft comes to a stop. A spiral groove 18 is cut in the'engaging surface of the clamp ring.

Referring to Figures VII and VIII, a clamp ring rio-back similar to the one shown in Figures V and V'I is shown except that a different mechanism is used to cause the no-back to be effective when shifting from reverse to neutral and from neutral to low.4 The curved member 16 is secured to the pin 11 at one end. On the other end of the pin another member` is fastened and this member, in turn, is attached to the first curved member as at 18, after passing around the back of the clamp ring.

The member 16 has the end 19 with the cam face 88. This face 88 takes the position shown by the dotted line at 8| when the roller 82 is released as by a shift into reverse. The cam face then rests under the end 83 of the bell crank 84, The bell crank and the shifter rod 85 are shownin the neutral position. When shifting to reverse, the shifter rod moves to the left, the bell crank pivoting at 86, pulling the hook 81 upward, and this in turn lifting the stop arm which is shown sectioned at 88. This permits the roller 82 to drop beneath the end 88 of the stop arm. The clamp ring then makes la backward movement and the member 88 comes in contact with the housing at 9|, this opening the clamp ring sufficiently to permit backward movement of the shaft.

When shifting from reverse to neutral, the shifter rod and the bell crank return to the position shown, but the lever arm roller remains released from the stop arm as vshown in Figure III. It is desirable that this should be so," as many drivers often shift from reverse to neutral before the car has come to a complete stop. If

the car is still rolling backwards, and thencback should suddenly be made effective, the wheels would be skidded or the car would be brought to a very sudden stop. It is usually necessary, however, to come to a stop before shifting into low, and it is then desirable' that the no-back be effective.

'In sluiting to 1ow,the shifter rod 88 moves to the right, causing the bell -crankto pivot and move the end 88 downward. This engages the -cam face 88, which is thenin the position shown by the dotted line at 8|.l As the end of the bell crank moves downward, the cam face is moved from its position at 8| back to 88. This, through its connection with the pin 11, causes a rotational movement of the clamp ring so that the roller 82 again is engaged .by the stop arm surface 88. A spring 82 is connected with the clamp ring at 88 and to the curved member 16 at 94. I'his serves to provide an initial tension on the clamp ring and to hold the member 18 in its proper position.

In Figure VIII a partial view of a transmission is shown and the manner in which the-noback housing may be mounted to the transmission housing. The two housings are secured together by cap screws, as at 85. The no-back housing has a cover 96. It has a lug 91 to take the main portion of the strain. while the no-back is holding. Two ears 98 are secured to the cover and the stop arm is secured to the earsby means of a pin 99. Cap/screws |88 hold the cover in place. A manual lock-out may be provided, if desired, by securing a wire another-connection to the stop arm |21 as indicated at 1|. The end of this connection is located on the dash, or any other convenient place. The lock out arrangement is the same as that shown in Figures I and III.

In Figure IX is shown a partial sectional view of a spring type of free-wheeling mechanism in combination with a clamp ring type of no-back. A lpartial view of a conventional transmission is also shown. indicating the relation of the freewheeling and no-back to the transmission. The transmission has a main shaft |85. This has a sliding gear |86, for low and reverse, a second gear |81 and a counter shaft |88. A shifter fork |88 is secured to a shifter rod |I8. 'I'he shifter rod is controlled by means of the shifting lever Three recesses H2, ||8 and ||4 forlow, neutrai and reverse respectively, are engaged by a spring pressed plunger IIS.

A bearing H6 supports the rear of the transmission main shaft. The end of the shaft is splined and has mounted on it a free-wheeling cup ||1.- This is heid in place by means of a cap screw and washer as at H8. Butting against the cup ||1 is a rear cup H9. Both cups are splined. The spiined sleeve |28 is adapted to move to the left and lock the two cups together, when it is desired to lock out the free-wheeling. A coil member A|2| is fitted inside the two cup members and has one end secured to Vthe forward cup at |22. An alignment sleeve |23 is secured to the rear cup and has a bearing on the front cup at Mounted on` the rear cup is a clamp ring |18,

this having the levers |26. This clamp ring is similar to theone shown in Figs. VII-VIII.` A roller in the end of the lever arm is engaged by a stop arm |21. 'I'he rear free-wheeling-cup has a splined extension |26. This is supported by a bearing |29, the bearing being in turn supported by the housing member |36. This housing is held to the main housing by means of cap screws Iii. The cover |32 has ears |33 which support a bell crank |34, this being pivoted on the pin |35. A hooksarm |36 secured to the stop arm 21 extends through and engages the bell crank. A curved member |31 is similar to the member 16 in Figure VII.

A member |36 is mounted on the end of the shifter rod iii., The forked end of the bell crank |34 engages this member. Also secured to the shifter rod is a finger |38 (see Figure X). This finger is adapted to engage the shifter fori: 66, which is slidably mounted on the rod MI, the rod |6| being secured to the projections |42 of the housing. 'i A spring 43 serves to maintain the shifter fork in the position shown. A shaft |44 extends through the housing cover, somewhat as the shaftl 36 in Figure II, and has a fork |45 secured to the inside end. This is adapted to serve as a manual lock-out control for the free-wheelina'.

The operation and control-of the no-back is similar to that shown in Figures VII and VIII.

It is effective in all forward speedsand in neutral, except that. after shifting to reverse, it is not effective in neutral until a shift has been made to low. The free-wheeling is effective in all forward speeds and locks out when shifting-to reverse, or may be maintained locked out at all times by means of the manual lock-out control. The noback may be manually locked out if desired by means of the connection 1|.

AIn Figures XI and XII, is shown a clamp ring type offreefwheeling unit, control for it, and its relation to a conventional transmission. A

transmission main shaft is indicated at |56, a low pressed plunger |56. The shifter rod has a shoulder |59. The shifter forkl |66 is slidably mounted on the rod and is engaged by the shoulder when lthe rod is moved to the left, this being the reverse gear position. The free-wheeling lock-out member is carried to the left by the shifter fork, this locking out the free-wheeling unit. The end of the shifter rod is slidablysupported in the part |63.

Mounted on the end of the transmission Vmain shaft, is the annular collar |64. 'I'his is surrounded by the clamp ring |65, having the lever arm |66. A pin |61, in the end of the lever arm; is engaged by the part |66. The part |66 is bolted or otherwise secured to the drum |69, this drum in turn being secured to theiiange |16. This flange has the splined end |1| for connection to a universal or other power. take-oli. This end is supported in the housing by means of a bearing |12 and the yflange end is supported on the end of the main shaft by means of the bearing |13. A counter weight |16 is secured to the inside ofthe drum |66 to offset the unbalance of the clamp ring and the lever arm.

A shaft |14 has a lever |15 for connection to a manual lock out control. This manual lock out control may be connected to any suitable manual Alocks out when a shift is made to reverse.

' apart are two clamp rings |62 and |63.

control. The other end of the shaft |14 has a fork |16 secured to it, this fork being adapted to engage the shifter fork |66 when the manual lock out control is operated. y

The operation of this freeswheeling unit is similar to those now commonly used, that is, it is effective in all forward speeds and automatically It becomes effective again upon shifting from reverse back to neutral. In Figure'XI the shaft extending from the transmission normally rotates counter-clockwise. Torque is transmitted from thev shaft to the collar |64, from this to the clamp ring, then to the drum by the connection at the end of the lever arm. When power is being supplied, all of the parts rotate together and at the same speed. If the rear wheels of the driven part tend to rotate faster than the part supplying the power. the clamp ring releases so that it has.

counter-clockwise rotation relative to the collar. At any time when the speed of the collar comes up to the speed of the clamp ring, the clamp ring again locks on it and the two rotate together.

'I'he parts are shown with the collar being the driver land the clamp ring the driven part. In

some cases it might be desirable to reverse this as the operation is satisfactoryeither way.

In Figure XIII is shown a modification of the -free-wheeling unit of the two previous figures.

Instead of using the single clamp ring and a 3 inserted so that the whole strain will 'not be imposed on one half of the unit.

A shaft is shown at |66, this having secured to it a collar |6|. Mounted on the collar 180 degrees 'I'hese have lever` arms |64 and |65 and pins |66 and |61. These pins are engaged by members |66 and |69, these two members being slidably secured to the drum. Oil resisting rubber or other resilient material |6|, |92 is inserted between the slidable members |66 and |69 and the two stationary members I 93 and |64.

'Ihe control and arrangement of the parts in this free-wheeling unit may be similar to that of AFigures XI and XII.

` Figure XIV s'hows an external assembly view of the combination no-back and free-wheeling unit. both of ,the clamp ring type. The drum |95 encloses either of the types of free-wheeling units just described. The lockout member |96 may be controlled in any of the manners dei;

scribed. The shaft |61 drives a collar which connects to the shaft |96 by means of the clamp ring or rings within the drum and the drum itself which is secured to the flange |99. Thernoback clamp ring 266 has the roller 26| secured to the end of the lever arms 262. This roller may be releasably engaged in any of the manners previously shown. Bearing support is provided for each of the shafts at 263 and 264.

In Figure XV is shown diagrammatically an assembled power plant, with clutch, transmission and no-back 'or no-back and free-wheeling. An engine l266 is secured to a clutch housing 266; the transmission 261 is secured to the clutch, and the no-bacl or the no-back and free-wheeling is secured to the transmission. These parts are fastened together withbolts, cap screws or other means as at 269, 2|6 and 2| |.v This complete assembly is flexibly mounted to the frame 2| 2 at the points 2|3 and 2|4. These points have rubber or other resilient material supported on channels or other parts 2|! and 218 which are secured to the frame. i

At 2 i1 one end of a leaf spring is embedded in a block of rubber or other resilient material, the other end being attached to a part ofthe housing. This serves as a damper, preventing undue rotational movement of the assembled unit. A wire for the no-back manual lock out is shownv at 2I8.

The object of securing the no-back holding members to a housing and then securing the housing parts to a iiexibly mounted engine is to provide a shock absorber for the no-back parts so as to relieve them of undue strain. 'I'here is normally no lost motion or backward movement between the rio-back parts themselves, but it is well known that ring and pinion or other rear drive gears must be fitted with a certain amount oi clearance in order to insure proper lubrication and life. Differential gears also have a certain amount of lost motion, as do also most universal joints. This combined lost motion is sufficient to permit a car to acquire somebackwardmomentum which causes a strain on the driving parts, and the rio-back parts and is more or less unpleasant for driver and passengers when the car is brought to a sudden stop, as all of the play or lost motion is taken up.

In Figure XVI is shown a modification of a clamp ring which may be used for any o! the purposes which have been shown. The ring is made up of two segments 220 and 22|, these being connected by means of the pin 222. The other ends of the ring segments have the pins y 223 and 224 respectively which are secured in them and project on either side. The two pins instead of being on or nearly on a diameter vof the shaft 225 and collar 226 are both on or nearly on a radius or circle arc about the center of the shaft.

The lever arms 221 are pivotally connected to the pin 223, but have a cam connection 228 with the pin 22d. The ring and the lever arm have the spring 229 attached between them as shown to provide a slight initial tension on the clamp ring. The ends of the lever arms carry a rolier 23d, this being releasably engaged by the stop arm 235. The pin 232 secures the stop arm to a portion of the housing 233'. A cone shaped earn 23d is secured to a rod 235, the endof this rod being .in line with the end of a low and reverse shifter rod 236. A spring 2N serves to return the cam to the position shown when a shift is made from reverse to neutral. A. connection for a manual lock-out control is shown at 232. A projection 239 on the right side of the clamp ring, is adapted to engage a portion of the housing 2d@ when the roller on thc end of the lever arms is released by the stop arm. This causes the ring to open and permit backward movement ments connect to a lever arm by means of the pins h32 and 253. The ends of the segments are slotted as seen in Figure XIX, at 2M, this permitting the use of smaller pins as it gives more shear sections. A spring 225C produces an initial tensionon the ring. A Li-shaped member 246 connects to the pin 243' andcauses the clamp ring tov open slightly when thel roller 241 is released bythe stop arm 248. A spring pressed plunger-2l9ffserves to maintain the 'rollervagainst thestop arm. The control of the stop arm is simila'to that previousl;7 described. This type of clamp ring would normally be used under extreme service conditions, Where a large amount of Wear occurred, which could not be readily taken up with the solid type of ring.

In Figure XX, is shown still another modiiication of the clamp ring principle. Here an internal band 25!! is used inside the drum 25|. The ,drum is secured to the shaft 252. Two pin. connections 253 and 254 connect the ends of the band to the lever 255. The end of this lever is releasably engaged oy the stop arm 256, this u stop arm being controlled in any of the manners previously described. The drum moves freely in thc` counter-clockwise direction, but locks against the internal band when it tends to rotate clockwise. The engaging surface of the band is pro- Figure XVI and 248 of Figure XVIII. One end of this lever is pivoted to the housing at 232 and the other has a surface which engages the roller 230 at the end of the lever 255. The shaft 235 corresponding to the same shaft indicated in Figures XVI, XVII and XVIII passes through an opening in the lever 255 to disengage the stop surface from the roller 235i. r.-Ihe stop member 246 corresponding to the stop member 24E shown in Figure XVIII is pivotaily attached to the pin 253 to engage the recess di formed in the housing.

When the operator desires to release the clamp ring, the shaft 235 with its cam 23@ (not shown in Figure E@ disengages the hook and after slight movement of the clamp-ring 25S in the clockwise direction, the member Edt engages with the housing at iii, holding the clamp-ring and releasing it for reverse rotation o the shaft 252.

If the device is mounted in such a position that the weight of the lever 25% would tend to unhoois it from the pin 23d, any suitable well known means such as a spring or weight may be provided for yieldabiy moving the stop arm 255 into engagement with the roller, which is secured. to the end of the lever 255.

It will be understood that where reference is made to the manual movement of the shaft or rod 235, that this movement may he accomplished in the course of ordinary gear shifting without the necessity for any special action on the part of the operator.-

The next group of iigures shows various methods of grooving either the inner or the outer member, or both members or" the clamp ring type of clutch. Where clutches are used dry, no grcoving is' required, but when run in oil the size and number or" the grooves necessary for satisfactory operation is proportional to the viscosity of the oil used and indirectly proportional to the amount ci initial tension on the ring. The grooves serve the purpose ciA circulating oil, and of relieving the oil film so that the two members may lock together when relative motion between thexn tends to be in the locking direction.

In Figures m and m, is shown an internal member, this having the step cuts 26B, these cuts being of such size and number as any particular design may require. In Figures XXIII and XXIV is lshown an internal member with step cuts 255 together with. annular grooves 262. A

In Figures XXV and XXVI is shown an in- 2lb, the pin connection 2li, this being secured by welding or otherwise fastening the end 2F22. The pin connection llt is formed by butt welding as at 2id. Construction o this kind may be used where light strong units are required, this being adaptable to use high strength steels. Grooving may be milled in before forming, if desired. The other construction, using castings, while slightly heavier is cheaper and generally satisfactory.

In Figures XXEQV and-Emil the construction is very similar to that previously shown except that the clamp ring has an ear 215, this ear having connected to it by means of the pin 2N, a hook 2li having the end 218. This end engages a part 219 when the end of the lever arm. is released. The control and operation of this is the same as has previously been described.

In Figures XXXVI and XXXVII a rio-back with amodiled form or stop iorthe lever end is shown. This has the member 288 pivoted on the pin 28l and is normally maintained in the position shown by means of the spring 282.A The end 288 is engaged by a cone shaped cam 284 whenever a shift is made to reverse, This cam is mounted on the rod 285, which is in line withthe end of a low and reverse shifter rod 288. The spring 288 serves to return the cam when shifting from reverse to neutral. A stop 281 is provided to prevent rotation of the clamp ring. A slot 289 o1' the rod 291 engages the pin` 298 which is secured to a part of the housing. This has the pin connection 292 to the ear 298, which is part of the clamp ring end.

The end of the'member 280, which engages the lever arm roller is a circle arc about the pin 28|.

As the member 280 is rotated counter clockwise by the cam 284, the lrelieved portion of 288 per` l in the manner just described it will be reset after withdrawal of the cam 284 by the ilrst forward movement (anti-clockwise) of the shaft it being noted that the spring 282 tends to turn the stop member 288 in a clockwise direction thereby increasing the friction between the clamp-ring and the shaft and also assisting the anti-clockwise movement of the lever arm. l

A s long as the circle arc surface of the 'stop member 288 engages the lever arm roller there is no force tending torotate the stop member. As

" soon as the stop member has been rotated by 'cani on theupper side of the circle arc surface,then

284 so that the roller contacts the relieved portion the roller and clamp ring are permitted to rotate with the shaft until the slack in slot 288 is taken up on pin 298. During this movement, however, A, 1 the roller stays on the upper side of the circle arc surface of the stop member 280. When the drive shaft, clamp ring vand lever are rotated in tbeforward direction (counter clockwise). the spring Figures XXXVIII and XXXIX are sections of. clamp rings as on F--F of Figure XXXVI. These show two forms of oil grooves. Figure XXXVIII has the annular spiral grooves 295 and the axial grooves 294. The other figure shows spiral grooves 29S in one direction and spiral grooves l in the other direction.

I claim:

l. In a :no-back device, a portion of a driving shaft, a circular cla-mp ring fitting around the said shaft, a lever having two lines oi' connection with the said clamp ring near one end of said lever, means releasabiy engaging the end of the lever, means operably associated with a transmission having forward and reverse speeds to cause the release or" the said lever end when a shift is made to reverse, and' a means operable to cause the lever end to be re-engaged when a shift is made to low.

2. In a rio-back device, a portion of a driving shaft, a clamp ring encircling the said shaft, oil grooving cut ln the engaging surface of the clamp ring, a. lever arm attached to the clamp ring, a pivoted stop arm engaging a roller secured to the end of the said lever arm, means operable to cause the stop arm to release the roller, means operable after the release of the roller for holding .the clamp ring against rotation and means operably associated with the clamp ring to cause the roller to be re-engaged by the stop arm.

3. In a no-back device, a one-way brake having a circular inner member and an annular outer member, the annular outer member having two ends for connection to a lever, a lever connected to the outer member, means releasably engaging the end of the lever, means when -the end ofthe lever has been released to hold one end of the outer member, and means connected to the h'eld end of the outer member to cause the lever end to be re-engaged.

4. In a no-back device, a one way brake having a circular inner member and an annular outer member, the annular outer member having two ends for connection to a. lever, a lever arm secured to these two ends, grooving in the inner surface of the outer member, means releasably engaging the end of the said lever arm, means when the end of the lever has been released to hold one end of the outer. member, and means connected to the held end of the outer member to cause the lever end to be re-engaged.

l5. In a driving shaft, a break in the shalt.

a plurality of clamp rings on one side of the vmit torque from one s ide of the saidl break in the shaft to the other side.

"I, In a driving shaft, s break in the shaft, clamp rings mounted on ne side of the break. lever arms for the clamp rings, connection from the ends of the .lever arms to the otherv side of the said breakpresllientl means inserted in the connection between theshait and the said lever Aencls,'tlie said resilient means permitting a better 75 pivoted to the ring at two points, one on each side of the split therein, the said 'ring having one integral piece from one pivot point around thc shaft to the other pivot point, and oil grooves closely spaced in the inner surface of said clamp' ring to permit escape of oil from between the bearing surfaces.

9. In a device of the class described. a rotary shaft having a cylindrical surface, a clamp ring mounted on said shaft and having a bearing surface closely fitting and releasably engaging the cylindrical surface of the shaft, said clamp ring being split in 'a direction substantially parallel to the axis of the shaft and being yieldably held in engagement therewith, a lever arm pivoted to the ring at two points, one on each side of the split therein, the said ring being integral from one pivot point around the shaft to the other pivot point, and oil grooves closely spaced in the inner surface of the said clamp ring to permit the escape of oil from between the bearing surfaces, said grooves being substantially helical in form whereby the relative. rotation of the shaft and clamp ring will tend to cause a ow of oil therethrough.

10. in a device for permitting relatively free rotary motion in one direction, a shaft having a cylindrical engaging surface, a clamp ring mounted on the said shaft and having an engaging surface closely fitting and yieldably held against the cylindrical surfaceof the shaft, the clamp ring having a cnt through it, a lever arm secured to the said ring on each side of the cut, the said lever arm being adapted to apply a tensii load to the ring structure and the ring structure having an integral piece to resist the said tensil load, lock grooving cut in the engaging surface between the clamp ring and shaft, the said clamp ring and lever arm being adapted to permit free relative motion ci' the shaft in one direction and to positively lock and prevent relative movement in the other direction.

il. in a device of the class described, a rotatable member having a cylindrical engaging surface, a normally stationary member which has a cylindrical engaging surfacetting closely with the cylindrical surface of the rst member, the said second member having two ends,a lever arm,con nections between the two ends of the said second vmember and one end of the lever arm. a stop member, the said stop member being adapted to releasably engage one end of the lever arm, a housing to form a protective cover over the said mechanism, and to form an oil reservoir, and lock grooving cut in the' engaging surface between the said rotatable member and clamp ring, the said grooving breaking the engagingl surface area so that no part is substantially spaced from a groove.

12. In a self locking one-way mechanism, a ring having a cylindrical engaging surface, a shaft member having a surface fitting closely with the cylindrical surface of the ring, means forming a lever arm for the ring, two lines of connection between thering and lever arm, the

said ring being of a single structural piece., means causing an initial pressure between the ring and shaftl member, lock grooving cut in the surface of the ring'so that no part of the engagingsurface has substantial width, means for holding the lever arm so as to permit frec motion of thc 'shaft member in one direction and to positively lock and hold the shaft member against relative motion in the other direction.

13. In a no-back device for automotive use, a shaft member, 'a ring fitting closely with the shaft member and having two ends, a lever arm. connection between the lever arm and the two ends of said ring, a roller secured to the end of the lever arm, a stop member, the stop member being adapted to hold the roller on the lever arm, a housing surrounding the said device, conncction between the stop member andthe housing, means associated with a transmission control for causing the stop member to release the roller,

a stop for holding theV ring against reverse rotation after the release of the roller and for releasing the ring to permit-reverse rotation of l the shaft member, cam and bell crank means associated with the transmission control for causing the stop member to reengagcwthe roller and grooving in the engaging surface of the said ring. r

14. In a no-back device, a shaft member, a. ring fitting closely with the shaft member and having two ends, a lever arm, connection between the lever arm and the two ends of said ring, a stop member, the stop member being adapted to hold the lever end, means associated with a transmission control for causing the stop member to release the lever end when the said meansis moved in one direction and for causing the stop member to reengage the lever end when the said means is moved in the other direction.

l5. A mechanism as set forth in claim 14 and the said ring having closely spaced grooving in its engaging surface.

i6. in a rio-bach device, a shaft member, a self-locking one-way mechanism mounted on the shaft member, a rollersecured to a part of the self-locking one-way mechanism, a stop member for engaging the roller, means operably' associated with a transmission control for causing the stop member to release the roller when the said means is moved in one direction and for causing the stop member to reengage the roller when the said means is moved in the other direction. the said self-locking one-way mechanism being constructed and arranged to permit reverse rotation of the shaft member after the release of the roller and to prevent reverse rotation of the shaft member after the roller has been reengaged.

17. In a rio-back device, a one-way brake having a rotated part and a normally stationary part, a stop member for engaging and holding the stationary part. a roller acting between the stop member and the engaged part of the said brake and means for causing the stop member to release Ithe said roller and brake part, and other means then acting to permit reverse rotation of the rotated part, and the said means operable to cause the stop member to release the brake part being also operable to cause the stop arm to reengage the brake part.

i8. 'in a mechanism for permitting free relative rotary motion in one direction of one rotating part with respect to another, and for preventing part mounted to engage with the ring and fitting closely with it, the ring being-resiliently held in l engagement with the said rotatable part, e, second rotatable member mounted close to the said ring and lever, the second rotatable member having resilient connection to the lever arm, the said second memberl being adapted to apply pressure to lock the ring and iirst rotatable member together when the second member is rotated in one direction or to release the first member if the rst member rotates faster than the second member.

i9. A structure as stated in claim i8 and closely spaced grooving cut in the surface oi the ring.

2li. En combination, a transmission having forward and reverse speeds.- a shifting lever for selecting the desired speed, a one wey brake of the clamp-ring type associated with the transmission, the clamp-ring of the said one way braise having e. lever arm, means fornorxnelly preventing; rots.- tion oi the clamp ring, the said means engaging the said lever arm, means operably connecte@ with the transmission shifting lever for releasing the one way brake when e shift is mede to reverse,7 the said release mesns being constructed and arranged to release under load without any moesen relative movement of the parts in a. direction to displace the load, means for maintaining the brake released when the transmission is shifted to neutral, and means operable 'when the transmission is shifted to low gear to render the one Way brake operative.

2l. In a back stop device for use with automotive transmissions having forward and reverse speeds, e, clamp-ring with a lever arm, means for holding the end of the lever arm to prevent reverse rotation of the clamp ring, means associated with the reverse speed shifting mechanism to cause the release of the said lever end, means associated with the forward speed shifting mechanism to cause the lever eno, to be reengnged, the saisi ineens sensing no forward pressure on the lever end when the forward speed gear is fully engager?.

22. A device es set forth in claim 18 and other means associated with the said device operable to connect the tivo said rotatable parts together so es to transmit torque in either direction of rotatien.

PHLLIP R. WHEELER. 

